Scrapy
Konfigurieren Sie Scrapy, um alle Anfragen über RaxyProxy mit rotierenden oder Sticky-IPs zu leiten.
Installation
pip install scrapysettings.py — Globaler Proxy
Der einfachste Ansatz: Setzen Sie den Proxy in SCRAPY_PROXY or override HttpProxyMiddleware. Every request in the spider will use a different rotating IP automatically.
# ── Proxy ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
RAXY_USER = 'USERNAME'
RAXY_PASS = 'PASSWORD'
RAXY_HOST = 'proxy.raxyproxy.com'
RAXY_PORT = 823 # HTTP — rotating
# RAXY_PORT = 824 # SOCKS5
PROXY_URL = f'http://{RAXY_USER}:{RAXY_PASS}@{RAXY_HOST}:{RAXY_PORT}'
# Enable Scrapy's built-in proxy middleware
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 750,
}
# Pass proxy URL via environment variable approach (recommended)
import os
os.environ['http_proxy'] = PROXY_URL
os.environ['https_proxy'] = PROXY_URL
# ── Politeness ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1
RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY = True
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 8
AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = TrueBenutzerdefinierte Middleware
Eine benutzerdefinierte Middleware gibt Ihnen vollständige Kontrolle — Rotation pro Anfrage, Anmeldedaten einschleusen, Retry-Logik handhaben und Proxy-Typ pro Spider wechseln.
import base64
class RaxyProxyMiddleware:
"""Inject RaxyProxy credentials into every request."""
HOST = 'proxy.raxyproxy.com'
PORT = 823
USER = 'USERNAME'
PASS = 'PASSWORD'
def process_request(self, request, spider):
proxy = f'http://{self.HOST}:{self.PORT}'
creds = base64.b64encode(f'{self.USER}:{self.PASS}'.encode()).decode()
request.meta['proxy'] = proxy
request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = f'Basic {creds}'DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'myproject.middlewares.RaxyProxyMiddleware': 750,
# Disable the default proxy middleware so they don't conflict
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': None,
}Geo-Targeting
import base64
class RaxyGeoMiddleware:
"""Per-spider geo-targeting via spider attribute."""
HOST = 'proxy.raxyproxy.com'
PORT = 823
PASS = 'PASSWORD'
def _build_user(self, spider):
base = getattr(spider, 'proxy_user', 'USERNAME')
geo = getattr(spider, 'proxy_geo', None)
return f'{base}__{geo}' if geo else base
def process_request(self, request, spider):
user = self._build_user(spider)
proxy = f'http://{self.HOST}:{self.PORT}'
creds = base64.b64encode(f'{user}:{self.PASS}'.encode()).decode()
request.meta['proxy'] = proxy
request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = f'Basic {creds}'import scrapy
class UsSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'us_spider'
# Middleware reads these attributes:
proxy_user = 'USERNAME'
proxy_geo = 'cr.us' # US only — free
# City-level (2× billing for residential/mobile/datacenter):
# proxy_geo = 'cr.us;city.newyork'
start_urls = ['https://httpbin.org/ip']
def parse(self, response):
self.logger.info('IP: %s', response.json()['origin'])Sticky-Sessions
Port-basierte Sticky-Sessions
Ports 10000–20000 Die Ports 10000–20000 behalten jeweils die gleiche Exit-IP. Weisen Sie pro logischer "Session" einen Port zu, damit der Scrape eines Benutzers immer von derselben IP ausgeht.
import base64
class RaxyStickyMiddleware:
"""Assign a sticky port based on request.meta['session_id']."""
HOST = 'proxy.raxyproxy.com'
USER = 'USERNAME'
PASS = 'PASSWORD'
BASE_PORT = 10000
def process_request(self, request, spider):
session_id = request.meta.get('session_id', 0)
port = self.BASE_PORT + (int(session_id) % 10001) # stay in 10000-20000
proxy = f'http://{self.HOST}:{port}'
creds = base64.b64encode(f'{self.USER}:{self.PASS}'.encode()).decode()
request.meta['proxy'] = proxy
request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = f'Basic {creds}'import scrapy
class StickySpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'sticky'
def start_requests(self):
for user_id in range(5):
yield scrapy.Request(
url='https://httpbin.org/ip',
meta={'session_id': user_id},
callback=self.parse,
)
def parse(self, response):
self.logger.info(
'session %s → %s',
response.meta['session_id'],
response.json()['origin'],
)Rotation pro Domain
Verschiedene Proxy-Typen für verschiedene Ziel-Domains — Datacenter für öffentliche APIs, Residential für geschützte Seiten.
import base64
DOMAIN_PROFILES = {
# datacenter — cheaper, fast
'api.example.com': {'user': 'USERNAME', 'port': 823},
# residential geo — protected target
'shop.example.com': {'user': 'USERNAME__cr.us', 'port': 823},
}
DEFAULT_PROFILE = {'user': 'USERNAME', 'port': 823}
class RaxyDomainMiddleware:
HOST = 'proxy.raxyproxy.com'
PASS = 'PASSWORD'
def process_request(self, request, spider):
from urllib.parse import urlparse
domain = urlparse(request.url).netloc
profile = DOMAIN_PROFILES.get(domain, DEFAULT_PROFILE)
proxy = f'http://{self.HOST}:{profile["port"]}'
creds = base64.b64encode(
f'{profile["user"]}:{self.PASS}'.encode()
).decode()
request.meta['proxy'] = proxy
request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = f'Basic {creds}'Scraping-Tipps
Wiederholen bei Proxy-Fehlern
Aktivieren Sie RETRY_HTTP_CODES, damit Scrapy bei 407 (Proxy-Auth) und 503 wiederholt. Jeder Wiederholungsversuch erhält eine neue rotierende IP.
RETRY_ENABLED = True
RETRY_TIMES = 3
RETRY_HTTP_CODES = [500, 502, 503, 504, 407, 429]
# Respect retry-after headers
AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 4| Einstellung | Empfohlener Wert | Warum |
|---|---|---|
DOWNLOAD_DELAY | 1–2 | Reduziert das Sperr-Risiko bei sensiblen Zielen |
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN | 4 | Verhindert die Überflutung eines einzelnen Ziels |
COOKIES_ENABLED | False | Rotierende IPs mit gemeinsamen Cookies sehen verdächtig aus |
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY | True | Standard; nur deaktivieren, wenn das Ziel es ausdrücklich erlaubt |
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS | Set a realistic User-Agent | Der Standard-UA von Scrapy wird manchmal blockiert |
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:124.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/124.0',
}